Mesure de la masse du quark top dans le canal électron-muon à l'aide de la méthode des éléments de matrice avec les données à 8 TeV de l'expérience ATLAS du LHC

The work presented in this thesis lies within the scope of the measurement of the top quark mass in the decay channel electron-muon. This experimental measurement is achieved by the use of the matrix element method with events produced at LHC at a centre of mass energy of 8 TeV and collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012. After introducing the theoretical context of the Standard Model and the physics of the top quark, a detailed description of the ATLAS detector design and of both the event simulation and reconstruction is given. The first analysis presented was done during the beginning of the thesis and focuses on the impact of the insertion of an innermost new pixel layer in the ATLAS detector on the b-tagging performance during the data taking starting in 2015 with an centre of mass energy of 13 TeV. The second part of the thesis is dedicated the top quark mass measurement. After reviewing the selection procedure to which the analysis is linked, the calibration of the matrix element method is presented. The top quark mass is measured as : m_top = 172,40 ± 0,35 (stat.) ± 1,12 (syst.) GeV. This measurement is obtained with a precision of 0.64% and is compatible with both the World combination of the top quark mass and with recent measurements published by the ATLAS collaboration.